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Book/Printed Material Kun yu wai ji 坤輿外紀

About this Item

Title

  • Kun yu wai ji

Other Title

  • 坤輿外紀

Translated Title

  • Illustrated Account of the World (Small Edition)

Summary

  • This work is by Nan Huairen, the Chinese name of Ferdinand Verbiest (1623--88), the Belgian Jesuit who joined the order in 1641 and was sent as a missionary to China in 1655. Verbiest arrived in Macau in 1658, together with Wei Kuangguo (Chinese name of Martin Martini, 1614--61), and later transferred to Xiaxi. In 1660, while in Shaanxi, he was summoned to Beijing to assist the German Jesuit missionary Johann Adam Schall von Bell in making a calendar. The first great test for Verbiest came during the so-called calendar case of 1664--65 when the Chinese Confucian scholar Yang Guangxian (1597--1669), worried about preserving the integrity of Chinese culture and fearful of a European invasion, made several accusations against Schall. Schall, who was mortally ill, was incarcerated, together with missionaries Ludovico Buglio (1606--82), Gabriel de Magalhães (1609--77), and Verbiest. Most of the missionaries were expelled from Beijing and kept under house arrest. Verbiest was released on May 2, 1665. He defended Schall in court and succeeded in securing his posthumous rehabilitation. In addition to being a missionary, Verbiest was a scientist, engineer, and diplomat. In 1670 and in 1676 he served as an interpreter for the Chinese emperor during the negotiations with Portuguese and Russian legates. In 1669 Verbiest was put in charge of the design and manufacture of an ecliptic armillary sphere, an equatorial armillary sphere, an azimuthal instrument, a quadrant, and a stellar globe, all instruments of Western design that eventually superseded the Chinese instruments used in the Beijing Observatory. Verbiest was given the mandarin rank of second class and in 1681 was honored by Pope Innocent XI. He was appointed director of the Imperial Observatory in 1669 and died in 1688. His works cover a wide range of subjects, including religion, astronomy, geography, and weaponry. His Ling tai yi xiang zhi (Theory, construction and use of astronomical and mechanical instruments), published in 1674, explains the design, manufacture, installation, and usage of his instruments. His other works include Yi xiang tu (Illustrations of astronomical and mechanical instruments), Kangxi yong nian li fa biao (Perpetual Kangxi calendar for 2,000 years), Kun yu quan tu (The world map, small edition), Kun yu tu shuo (Illustrated account of the world), Chi dao nan bei xing tu (Stellar map of the north and south of the equator), Ce yan ji lue (Astronomical observations), and Xi fang yao ji (Description of the most important kingdoms of the West). The work presented here, a manuscript edition made in the late-Kangxi period (1662--1722), contains more than 30 entries focusing on fantastic and strange items, such as giant birds, mythical animals, and stone men. But the work also provided certain astronomical and other knowledge, such as the Western concept of the four elements and information about small alarm clocks, the shortness of daylight in winter, snakes without eyes, and ostriches. With two exceptions, the entries are very brief, ranging from ten to 100--200 words. This copy in the National Central Library is part of a series entitled Shuo ling, together with three works on Taiwan and Annam by Chinese authors Lin Qianguang, Ji Linguang, and Lu Ciyun.

Names

  • Verbiest, Ferdinand, 1623-1688 Author

Created / Published

  • [Place of publication not identified] : [Publisher not identified], [1722 to 1750]

Headings

  • -  China
  • -  1676
  • -  Astronomy
  • -  Curiosities and wonders
  • -  Folklore
  • -  Geography
  • -  Jesuits
  • -  Mythology

Notes

  • -  Title devised, in English, by Library staff.
  • -  Original resource extent: 1 juan.
  • -  Original resource at: National Central Library.
  • -  Content in Chinese.
  • -  Description based on data extracted from World Digital Library, which may be extracted from partner institutions.
  • -  Title revised per Asian Division.--cc28 2023-01-06

Medium

  • 1 online resource.

Source Collection

  • Chinese Books, Manuscripts, Maps, and Prints

Digital Id

Library of Congress Control Number

  • 2021666410

Online Format

  • compressed data
  • pdf
  • image

Additional Metadata Formats

IIIF Presentation Manifest

Rights & Access

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Credit Line: [Original Source citation], World Digital Library

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Cite This Item

Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Verbiest, Ferdinand, Author. Kun Yu Wai Ji. [Place of publication not identified: Publisher not identified, to 1750, 1722] Pdf. https://www.loc.gov/item/2021666410/.

APA citation style:

Verbiest, F. (1722) Kun Yu Wai Ji. [Place of publication not identified: Publisher not identified, to 1750] [Pdf] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2021666410/.

MLA citation style:

Verbiest, Ferdinand, Author. Kun Yu Wai Ji. [Place of publication not identified: Publisher not identified, to 1750, 1722] Pdf. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/2021666410/>.