Top of page

About this Item

Title

  • Addie Billie.

Summary

  • This portrait, taken in January 1989, is of Addie Billie, a member of the Seminole tribe of Florida, in old age. As a younger woman, Billie had campaigned to improve the quality of life of the Mikasuki-Seminoles. Today's Seminoles are the descendants of Native Americans who may have lived for millennia in the southeastern United States. Seminole culture was firmly established in Florida by the 1800s, but it was also threatened by the newly created United States, which desired the removal of Seminole peoples from the territory. The Seminoles resisted forced removal, fighting three wars in the process while also migrating progressively farther south. Although thousands of Seminoles were removed to the West, the remaining population survived in the southernmost portion of the state during an extended period of isolation. It was during this period that they refined and fully adapted their culture to the south Florida environment. By the 1920s, as development and modernization transformed Florida, many Seminoles chose to participate in the Florida tourism industry. Seminole beads, as seen in this photograph, were of glass and a woman's necklaces might weigh as much as 12lbs (5.45 kgs).

Names

  • Michael, Nancy Collector.

Created / Published

  • [place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], 1989-01-01.

Headings

  • -  United States of America--Florida--Ochopee
  • -  1989
  • -  Beadwork, Seminole
  • -  Folklife
  • -  Indians of North America
  • -  Indigenous peoples
  • -  Portrait photographs
  • -  Seminole Indians
  • -  Women

Notes

  • -  Title devised, in English, by Library staff.
  • -  Original resource extent: 1 slide : color.
  • -  Original resource at: State Library and Archives of Florida.
  • -  Description based on data extracted from World Digital Library, which may be extracted from partner institutions.

Medium

  • 1 online resource.

Source Collection

  • Florida Folklife Collection

Digital Id

Library of Congress Control Number

  • 2021669932

Online Format

  • compressed data
  • image

Additional Metadata Formats

IIIF Presentation Manifest

Rights & Access

The Library of Congress is unaware of any copyright or other restrictions in the World Digital Library Collection. Absent any such restrictions, these materials are free to use and reuse. Researchers are encouraged to review the source information attached to each item. For information on contacting WDL partner organizations, see this archived list of partners

The Library asks that researchers approach the materials in this collection with respect for the culture and sensibilities of the people whose lives, ideas, and creativity are documented here.

Credit Line: [Original Source citation], World Digital Library

More about Copyright and other Restrictions

For additional information and contact information for many of the partner organizations, see this archived capture of the World Digital Library site from 2021.

For guidance about compiling full citations consult Citing Primary Sources.

Cite This Item

Citations are generated automatically from bibliographic data as a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate.

Chicago citation style:

Michael, Nancy Collector. Addie Billie. United States of America Florida Ochopee, 1989. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, -01-01] Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2021669932/.

APA citation style:

Michael, N. C. (1989) Addie Billie. United States of America Florida Ochopee, 1989. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, -01-01] [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2021669932/.

MLA citation style:

Michael, Nancy Collector. Addie Billie. [Place of Publication Not Identified: Publisher Not Identified, -01-01] Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/2021669932/>.