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23 results

	The Austrian Circle The Holy Roman Empire (962-1806) was organized, beginning in the early 1500s, into ten Imperial Circles, each of which had its own diet or parliament, and which had certain responsibilities with regard to defense, tax collection, and other functions. (Some territories of the empire, for example, Bohemia and parts of Italy, were not grouped in circles.) This late-18th century French map shows the Austrian Circle, which largely coincided with those lands ruled by the House of Habsburg from Vienna. In addition to Austria proper, the Austrian Circle included parts of ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	Chalet Suisse, Bernese Oberland, Switzerland This photochrome print of a Swiss chalet in the Bernese highlands is part of “Views of Switzerland” from the catalog of the Detroit Publishing Company (1905). The chalet style of lodging was typified by its rustic, unpainted wooden architecture, which usually included a second-story balcony made of flat boards with cut-out designs. Traditionally 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 stories, chalets were designed to accommodate not only a farm family, but the family’s livestock, which were kept on the ground level. These chalets were typically surrounded by trees to protect ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	Lucerne, Hotel du Lac, Pilatus, Switzerland This photochrome print of the Hotel du Lac in Lucerne is part of “Views of Switzerland” from the catalog of the Detroit Publishing Company (1905). The hotel was situated on the left bank of Lake Lucerne, which Baedeker’s Switzerland and the adjacent portions of Italy, Savoy, and Tyrol (1913) characterized as “unsurpassed in Switzerland in magnificence and variety of scenery.” The hotel stood against a backdrop of mountains, in particular the imposing Pilatus, which Baedeker described as “the lofty mountain rising boldly on the W. side of the lake ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	The Clock Tower, Berne, Town, Switzerland This photochrome print of the clock tower (Zeitglockenturm) in Bern is part of “Views of Switzerland” from the catalog of the Detroit Publishing Company (1905). This tower, with its gilded face, was constructed in 1191 as the old city’s western gate. Over time, the tower also came to function as a city guard tower and a prison. The tower was rebuilt in the 15th century, at which point baroque embellishments were added. The tower’s signature astronomical clock was constructed by Kasper Brunner in 1527. Baedeker’s Switzerland and ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	The Spalenthor, Basle, Switzerland This photochrome print of the Spalenthor in Basle (Bâle) is part of “Views of Switzerland” from the catalog of the Detroit Publishing Company (1905). Baedeker’s Switzerland and the adjacent portions of Italy, Savoy, and Tyrol (1913) characterized this tower, which was built around 1400, as “the handsomest of the remaining gates of Bâle.” Located in the St. Paul suburb near the border between Switzerland and France, this tower, with its tiled roof, was one of the two main gates of Basle. It originally served as an outer city defense ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	The Tonhalle, I., Zurich, Switzerland This photochrome print of the Tonhalle in Zurich is part of “Views of Switzerland” from the catalog of the Detroit Publishing Company (1905). This concert hall was constructed to house the Tonhalle Orchestra, which was founded in 1868. The 1913 edition of Baedeker’s Switzerland and the adjacent portions of Italy, Savoy, and Tyrol described the hall as “[an] effective building erected in 1893-95, with café-restaurant, open-air terraces, and large concert-rooms." Cook’s Tourist Handbook for Switzerland (1908) described it as “a palatial establishment, near the lake, with restaurant, and ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	From Peter Church, with Fraumünster and Alpenkette, Zurich, Switzerland This photochrome print of Zurich as seen from the St. Peter’s Church is part of “Views of Switzerland” from the catalog of the Detroit Publishing Company (1905). The church dates from the Middle Ages and, according to Baedeker’s Switzerland and the adjacent portions of Italy, Savoy, and Tyrol (1913), had “[a] massive tower and large electric clock.” The print shows a small section of Zurich, with a view of the Alps in the background, the Limmat River, which flows into Lake Zurich, and two bridges, including the four-arched ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	The Town Hall, Berne, Switzerland This photochrome print of the town hall in Bern is part of “Views of Switzerland” from the catalog of the Detroit Publishing Company (1905). Baedeker’s Switzerland and the adjacent portions of Italy, Savoy, and Tyrol (1913) described the building as the “Rathaus or Cantonal Hall, erected in 1406-16 in the Burgundian late-Gothic style, with a modern facade approached by a covered flight of steps, and adorned with the arms of the Bernese districts.” This structure still serves as the seat of the cantonal Grand Council in Bern. Contributed by Library of Congress
	St. Gall, from Rosenberg, Switzerland This photochrome print of St. Gall (St. Gallen) from the Rosenberg district is part of “Views of Switzerland” from the catalog of the Detroit Publishing Company (1905). St. Gall is a hilly, historic city located in the canton of the same name in northeastern Switzerland. Baedeker’s Switzerland and the adjacent portions of Italy, Savoy, and Tyrol (1913) informed readers that St. Gall was "one of the highest of the larger towns of Europe, capital of the canton, and an episcopal see,” and also “one of the chief industrial ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	Grindelwald, Hotel Eiger, Bernese Oberland, Switzerland This photochrome print of the Hotel Eiger in Grindelwald is part of “Views of Switzerland” from the catalog of the Detroit Publishing Company (1905). Baedeker’s Switzerland and the adjacent portions of Italy, Savoy, and Tyrol (1913) characterized Grindelwald, a town located in the Bernese highlands, as "[an] excellent starting-point for excursions and a favorite summer and winter retreat." Baedeker marveled at the view of Grindelwald with its “grand ampitheatre of mountains and glaciers.” Among the mountains surrounding the town is the Eiger, the imposing 3975-meter peak for which the ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	Chillon Castle, Montreux, Geneva Lake, Switzerland This photochrome print of the Chillon Castle is part of “Views of Switzerland” from the catalog of the Detroit Publishing Company (1905). Located in southwestern Switzerland on the shore of Lake Geneva in Montreux, this castle was first mentioned in written sources in the 12th century. Its exact date of construction is unknown. Baedeker’s Switzerland and the adjacent portions of Italy, Savoy, and Tyrol (1913) informed readers that “[the] Castle of Chillon, with its massive walls and towers . . . stands on an isolated rock [1.8 meters] from the banks ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	Wengern Alp, Cheese Dairy, Cowkeeper Milking Cow, Bernese Oberland, Switzerland This photochrome print of a cowkeeper at a cheese dairy in the Wengern Alp is part of “Views of Switzerland” from the catalog of the Detroit Publishing Company (1905). Located in the Bernese highlands near Wengen in central Switzerland, the Wengern Alp is an elevated meadow that in the 19th century was a popular attraction where tourists marveled at the view. The Wengern Alp was also a summer cattle-grazing ground. Farmers would lead their cows to the meadow and keep them there for about one hundred days. Farmers and hired ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	Winter Scene with Log Structure, Grisons, Switzerland This photochrome print of a chalet in Grisons is part of “Nineteenth Century Travel Views of Europe" from the catalog of the Photoglob Company (1895). Baedeker’s Switzerland and the adjacent portions of Italy, Savoy, and Tyrol (1913) noted that Grisons “consists of an immense network of mountains . . . and it is remarkable for the variety of its scenery, climate, and productions." Located in the eastern region of the country, Grisons borders Italy and Liechtenstein and is the largest canton in Switzerland. The chalet depicted here is traditionally Swiss, as typified ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	Lugano, San Salvatore, Tessin, Switzerland This photochrome print of Mount San Salvatore in the canton of Ticino (Tessin) is part of “Views of Switzerland” from the catalog of the Detroit Publishing Company (1905). This 912-meter peak is located near Lugano, the largest town in Ticino. Baedeker’s Northern Italy including Leghorn, Florence, Ravenna and routes through France, Switzerland, and Austria (1913) advised travelers that “the curiously shaped summit to the S. of Lugano commands a celebrated panorama” and that the finest excursion from Lugano was to the mountain. Contributed by Library of Congress
	Lausanne, General View, Geneva Lake, Switzerland This photochrome print of Lausanne is part of “Views of Switzerland” from the catalog of the Detroit Publishing Company (1905). Located in southwestern Switzerland, Lausanne is the second largest city on the shore of Lake Geneva after Geneva itself. It is also the capital of the canton Vaud. Baedeker’s Switzerland and the adjacent portions of Italy, Savoy, and Tyrol (1913) characterized Lausanne as “picturesquely situated on the hillside." The site of a Roman military camp in around 15 BCE called Lousanna, the city evolved over time, with a large ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	Lugano At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian photographer Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii (1863–1944) used a special color photography process to create a visual record of the Russian Empire. Some of Prokudin-Gorskii’s photographs date from about 1905, but the bulk of his work is from between 1909 and 1915, when, with the support of Tsar Nicholas II and the Ministry of Transportation, he undertook extended trips through many different parts of the empire. Contributed by Library of Congress
	Lugano At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian photographer Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii (1863–1944) used a special color photography process to create a visual record of the Russian Empire. Some of Prokudin-Gorskii’s photographs date from about 1905, but the bulk of his work is from between 1909 and 1915, when, with the support of Tsar Nicholas II and the Ministry of Transportation, he undertook extended trips through many different parts of the empire. Contributed by Library of Congress
	Lugano At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian photographer Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii (1863–1944) used a special color photography process to create a visual record of the Russian Empire. Some of Prokudin-Gorskii’s photographs date from about 1905, but the bulk of his work is from between 1909 and 1915, when, with the support of Tsar Nicholas II and the Ministry of Transportation, he undertook extended trips through many different parts of the empire. Contributed by Library of Congress
	Panoramic View of Lake Geneva and Monument of Duke of Brunswick This panoramic photograph shows Lake Geneva, Switzerland, as it appeared in the early 20th century. Panoramic photographs employ a variety of techniques to create a wide angle of view. The Boston office of the Notman Photo Co. copyrighted the photograph in 1909. The Notman firm was founded by William Notman (1826-91), a Scottish-born Canadian photographer who opened a studio in Montreal in 1856. Notman eventually became the largest photographic business in North America, with, at one time or another, seven studios in Canada and 19 in the northeastern United States ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	Lake Lucerne This panoramic photograph shows Lake Lucerne, Switzerland, as it appeared in the early 20th century. Panoramic photographs employ a variety of techniques to create a wide angle of view. This view is comprised of three photographs spliced together to provide a broader image than would be possible with a single photograph. The Boston office of the Notman Photo Co. copyrighted the photograph in 1909. The Notman firm was founded by William Notman (1826-1891), a Scottish-born Canadian photographer who opened a studio in Montreal in 1856. Notman eventually became the largest ... Contributed by Library of Congress
	Gospel Book This manuscript originated in the monastery of Saint Gall in eastern Switzerland in the late-ninth or early tenth century. Because of its typical style of decoration, it has been ascribed to the "Sintram Group" of manuscripts, after the scribe and calligrapher Sintram, who was active at Saint Gall in the ninth century and whose handwriting was known and admired in much of Europe. This decoration consists of an impressive script in monumental (square) capitals, the interspaces of which are filled with gold and silver, two-line rustic capitals, and uncial script ... Contributed by Bavarian State Library